Two kinds of materials including corn stalks and diary manure were used to produce the biochars (BC and DMBC) by pyrolysing at temperature of 500ºC under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere. The single and competitive adsorption characteristics of Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions onto these biochars were investigated to reveal the interaction among the metal ions on the biochar. Experimental results show that the biochars have different elemental composition. BC has a larger specific surface area, and DMBC has a bigger average pore diameter. For the single metal adsorption, the kinetics on BC are similar, but obvious differences of adsorption rates were observed on DMBC. Langmuir isotherm model well fits the sorption data of the four metal ions, and the order of sorption capacity is Pb²⁺>Cu²⁺>Cd²⁺>Ni²⁺. Through the competitive adsorption experiments it is found that the competitive sorption capacity of Pb²⁺ is the strongest, and Cu²⁺ follows, while the sorption of Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are weaker and easy to be suppressed by other divalent metal ions.

Contamination profiles of 11 kinds of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were analyzed by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in water and sediment samples of Hanjiang River in dry and wet seasons. The results showed that 11 kinds of PFCs were all detected. The total concentrations of PFCs in water and sediment were 0.3-23.04 ng/L, 0-55.1 ng/g in dry season and 0.16-19.68 ng/L, 0.99-85.07 ng/g in wet season. The maximum concentration of PFCs was detected in Wuhan where Hanjiang River feeds into Yangtze River. Meanwhile,Wuhan had the highest concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with 22.52 ng/L in dry season and 12.52 ng/L in wet season. Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were the dominant PFCs in sediment and the highest total concentration of PFCs was detected in Taocha. There was little difference in the concentration composition of ∑PFCs in sediment in both seasons. The risk quotient method was used for the ecological risk assessment of PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), PFHxA and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in water, and PFOA and PFOS in sediment based on the measured environmental concentration (MEC) and the predicted non-effect concentration (PNEC) of target pollutants.The assessment results suggest that the above PFCs in water and sediment of Hanjiang River posed no ecological risk to environment.